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Colonel of the Polish Army cavalry. Commander in Chief of the Home Army.
Prime Minister of the Polish government in exile.

Father Mieczysław. Mother Wanda née Zaleska. Sister Jadwiga. Brother Władysław. Wife Irena née Lamezan-Salins. Sons Adam and Jerzy. A graduate of the Military Academy - Franz Józef Militär Akademie in Vienna.

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General Tadeusz Bór Komorowski came from one of the oldest aristocratic Polish families and his direct ancestors, bearing the Korczak coat of arms, owned estates, among others. in the Trembowla district. We are talking about the already mentioned person, Adam Komorowski (probably the General's 6th great-grandfather), who was the owner of the estate in Łoszniów. He gifted the Carmelite order, brought to Trembowla in 1617 by the then starosta Piotr Ożga from Ossa, with a significant sum of 6000 zlotys for the construction of a church. (…)

Due to the very difficult financial situation of the family and encouraged by Rozwadowski, after graduating in 1913 junior high school in Lviv, he entered the Franz Josef Militӓr-Akademie in Vienna (in later years he graduated from the Lviv Polytechnic University). When asked by Kornel Krzeczunowicz about the reasons for the decision, he replied that he had thought it over and that in the future Poland would need "real soldiers." A surprisingly mature statement for an eighteen-year-old who likes sports. At the same time, Count Władysław studied at the Academy. Piniński. After graduating from the Academy in 1915, as a cavalry cadet, he became a second lieutenant with seniority on March 15, 1915. in the Home Defense Uhlan Regiment No. 3, renamed two years later to 3. Mounted Rifle Regiment. From 1914 r. There were military operations going on and Tadeusz took part in them on the Russian and Italian fronts. He was promoted to the rank of lieutenant in 1916. with seniority from 1. November. In 1918 when Captain Józef Dunin-Borkowski began to organize the 3rd Mounted Rifle Regiment in Dębica, soon (in February 1918) renamed the 9th Uhlan Regiment, Lieutenant Tadeusz Komorowski, who brought a group of soldiers equipped with twelve machine guns straight from the Italian front (in Grazu fought a battle with Austrian soldiers trying to take their weapons), he joined the emerging regiment and was its co-organizer. He took part in the war with the Ukrainians in 1919. and in 1920 - with the Bolsheviks. During the Polish-Bolshevik War, as a cavalry captain in the 12th Podolia Uhlan Regiment, leading the regiment into battle on August 31 during the Battle of Komarov, he was wounded, but initially treated on the battlefield, he refused to leave and only in the evening was he forcibly sent by General Rómmel to field hospital. He was verified as a captain (seniority from June 1, 1919). locomotive 69), in 1923 for participating in the war of 1918-1921 he was awarded on January 26, 1922. awarded the Order of Virtuti Militari class V (no. 3001). He remained loyal to the cavalry. After the end of combat operations and partial demobilization, Komorowski's riding talent was most likely noticed, because already at the end of November 1920 he was entrusted with teaching horse riding in the regiment. In 1921 he returned to the 9th Uhlan Regiment, taking up the position of deputy commander of the regiment, then stationed in Żółkiew. In 1922 Komorowski left the regiment after being transferred to a ten-month horse riding improvement course at the Cavalry Training Center in Grudziądz, and at the end of that year he was entrusted with the position of a horse riding instructor at the Artillery Officers' School in Toruń, where he trained the first round of cadets. In the same year, the Regiment partially settled in Czortków (regiment headquarters, communications platoon, squadrons of the 2nd and heavy machine gun), partly in Wygnanka near the city, and the 1st and 3rd squadrons in 4. – in Trembowla (the pioneer platoon was stationed in Brzeżany in those years, and the reserve squadron – in Stanisławów). He was promoted to the rank of major in 1923. (seniority from July 1, 1923 locomotive 22), and in 1924 was moved to 8. Uhlan Regiment commanded by Lt. Col. Władysław Bzowski (ex-husband of the famous poet, Maria Pawlikowska-Jasnorzewska, daughter of the painter Wojciech Kossak). The commander's strong emphasis on cavalry training allowed Komorowski to focus on what he liked the most - special sports training. Komorowski was in his element as the commander of the 2nd Division stationed in Kobierzyn near Kraków, where good conditions for horse riding allowed him to improve his skills. A dozen or so riders from this regiment practiced sports riding, and the horses belonged to the Polish top league - so they represented Poland in international competitions. Major Tadeusz Komorowski belonged to the group of Olympic athletes. Olympic Games in Paris in 1924

(…) this is the Polish team in the Comprehensive Riding Horse Competition, consisting of: Lt. Col. Karol Rómmel in Krechowiak, Capt. Kazimierz Suski on Katty Lady, Lt. Kazimierz Szosland on Hela and Major Tadeusz Komorowski on Amon overcame all obstacles very well. The riders made up for the lack of quality of horses with their bravado and excellent riding technique. In order not to tire the horses too much, Polish riders led them by the bridle for miles. The commission concluded that only Poles had completed the task in full. Ultimately, they placed seventh. In the general classification of the competition, Major Tadeusz Komorowski took 26th place. It was considered that achieving better results was not possible at that time due to the quality of the horses.

In 1926, he was entrusted with organizing the School of Professional Cavalry Non-Commissioned Officers in Lviv, and appointed commander of the School. The school's task was to standardize the training of professional cavalry non-commissioned officers from various conquering armies, increase discipline and train them. Moving the school to Jaworow, 50 km away from Lviv, allowed Komorowski to take part in competitions on the Lviv horse racing track. He used his own good half-bred horses and other horses for sports riding, which he trained himself, coming from the breeding farm of Count Tarnowski from Chorzelów. Most often he rode a bay mare, Great Granddaughter. He won many awards at races in Lviv, but he also competed successfully in indoor riding arena competitions. Sports success did not go hand in hand with a good personal life. After settling in Lviv, the family struggled with financial problems. Tadeusz Komorowski tried to help as much as he could, but he was unable to support her. The health problems of his brother and father, and the subsequent suicide of the latter, kept Tadeusz awake at night. However, he worked and trained, advancing and achieving success in equestrian sports. In November 1927, Major Tadeusz Komorowski took over the position of commander of the 9th Regiment after Lt. Col. Dipl. Janusz Pryziński, and on January 1, 1928, he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel (seniority from January 1, 1928, location 18). The regiment was then stationed in Chortkiv and Trembowla.

In 1927, the Sokół-Macierza horse competition was held in Lviv. The end of the "Militari" race took place on May 17. Major Komorowski on Prawneczki won, scoring 1863 out of 2000 possible. Leon Krzeczunowicz, leading in the classification, was disqualified for avoiding an obstacle. A few days later, on May 23, Komorowski won the hunting race on his mare Ta Trzecia, winning the prize in the form of a golden cigarette case worth PLN 800, containing PLN 100. Komorowski appreciated this award very much. During this period, he met his future wife, Irena Lamezan-Salins, daughter of General Robert Lamezan-Salins. (…)

Col. Komorowski's numerous activities in the regiment did not constitute an obstacle to taking part in equestrian competitions. During this period, he planned to marry Irena Lamezan-Salins, daughter of General Robert Lamezan-Salins, in September. It was to take place in Świrz, an estate belonging to Irena's mother. During the Army Championships (later the Comprehensive Riding Horse Competition), which Komorowski dreamed of winning, an accident occurred. During a cross-country race, in which he rode Granddaughter (born 1927), a mare he rode, on which he won many competitions by jumping over logs of wood, as a result of her leg catching on a log, the mare fell down, crushing the rider. He suffered a broken two ribs and a collarbone, and soon, in July, during the above-mentioned maneuvers, it suddenly swelled and ended up in the hospital. The diagnosis, considering the state of medical knowledge at that time, did not allow for optimism - a kidney was damaged during an earlier accident and the onset of uremia. Although the planned wedding was postponed, the treatment did not bring results. Only the therapy undertaken as a result of Dr. Alfred Edelmann's diagnosis in a hospital in Vienna and a several-month stay in Heluan in Egypt gave positive results. The wedding planned in Świrz took place on February 24, 1930, but far from Irena's family home, in a Polish church in Vienna. (…)

In 1933, Komorowski was promoted to the rank of colonel (with seniority from January 1, 1933). As recalled in his study by the officer of the 9th Regiment, the legendary Rtm. Edward Ksyk, "With the arrival of the new commander, a different spirit blew in the regiment." Exercises began to improve dressage riding under the supervision of the regiment commander, who practiced together with officers. At the same time, field exercises, map application exercises, combat training, drill and shooting were not neglected. Horse riding, previously practiced by a few officers, became a practice for all officer youth. We didn't have to wait long for the results - the level of riding in the squadrons significantly increased. Careful clothing began to be worn, old coats, still from American deliveries from the war, were withdrawn (they were used to repair damaged trousers), replaced by Polish coats, made in accordance with applicable regulations. The level of training was gradually improving, but Colonel Komorowski constantly increased the requirements.

Before the Olympics, a competition was held in Nice, in which the players trained by Komorowski won the cup.

At the turn of 1935/36, Komorowski was assigned to the Cavalry Training Center in Grudziądz, and he was entrusted with the function of head of the equestrian team that was to represent Poland in 1936 at the XNUMXth Olympics in Berlin. The very fact of choosing a person who did not frequent Warsaw salons, but worked somewhere on the outskirts (Borderlands) of the Republic of Poland, and did not seek honors, positions and prestigious functions, proves that he was appreciated as a rider, organizer and diplomat. It is worth mentioning, however, that the level of training and the quality of horses of the Polish team did not promise success. (…)

As it turned out, Komorowski was able to inspire the competitors with such a willingness to fight that in the Comprehensive Riding Horse Competition, despite the fall of the captain. Kawecki, resulting in a painful cracked rib, willpower and dedication gave great results - a silver medal in this difficult competition. Winning the gold medal would have been possible if the Polish side had protested against the medal given to the winner, German lieutenant Konrad von Wangenheim, who, as a result of a fall, broken collarbone and fractured humerus, finished the race thanks to the help of his friend. (…)

The course of the Olympics aroused many protests due to the falsification of the results by the majority of German judges. When Polish competitors were unfairly given penalty points during one of the pre-race competitions, Komorowski protested so strongly that the unfair decision was eventually withdrawn. The Polish team consisted of: rtm. Zdzisław Kawecki, captain Seweryn Kulesza, captain Henryk Roycewicz-Leliwa took second place in the Multilateral Riding Horse Competition, scoring 911,7 points. (…)

Komorowski stayed in Grudziądz and already on the second day of the war, which began on September 1, 1939, with the Germans bombing Wieluń, he managed the evacuation of the Center to Garwolin and then headed the reserve center in Garwolin, including the Cavalry Training Center and the reserve centers of the Masovian and Pomeranian Cavalry Brigades. . Then, on September 3, Komorowski was entrusted with managing the defense of the section of the Vistula from Góra Kalwaria to Dęblin. The heroic fight for every piece of Polish land, for every village, grove, meadow, did not bring success. (…)

He began serving as commander of the Western Area in the fall of 1941. His wife followed him to Warsaw. In Warsaw, he used false documents in the name of Jerzy Korabski. The couple lived separately, in full conspiracy (her surname was Malinowska). Komorowski, in addition to his military duties, was tasked by Grot-Rowecki with maintaining contact with the government delegate, Cyryl Ratajski. In February 1942, the ZWZ was renamed the Home Army, whose command body was the Main Headquarters. (…)

The Uprising was taking place when the Soviet army stood on the other bank of the Vistula. Together with the Soviets, subordinated to them, Poles who joined the ranks of the Kosciuszko members to fight for Poland. One of them, a former officer of the 9th Małopolska Uhlan Regiment, Lt. Col. Edward Pisula, tried to cross the Vistula River at the head of his 3rd Uhlan Regiment of the Polish People's Army (he had previously practiced such operations on the Dniester with the 9th Regiment) to help the insurgents. Forcibly detained, he was imprisoned in Italy, where he was murdered. The faithful sons of the Republic of Poland were shaped this way by their commanders, such as General Komorowski, and this is how they saw service for Her, making the highest sacrifice. During the Uprising, Komorowski was ill; In addition to his poor physical and mental condition, he suffered from sinusitis. The symptoms worsened when he was injured. Finally, after 63 days of fighting, the actions were stopped and the "Agreement on the cessation of hostilities in Warsaw" was signed in Ożarów Mazowiecki at the headquarters of Obergruppenführer Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski. General Tadeusz "Bór" Komorowski was captured by the Germans. (…)

After the intervention of the Swiss envoy Feldscher, he was released from captivity. It was liberated near Innsbruck by American soldiers of the 103rd Infantry Division. After a short stay in the Polish Military Center (former Oflag VIIA Murnau) and Paris, a few days after the capitulation of Germany, he arrived in London on May 12, 1945.

Despite so many achievements and decorations, the General did not receive any salary from the British government after the war; he and his wife received only small amounts from the Home Army, which was not enough to support themselves. Irena ran an upholstery company where they both worked. During this period, Komorowski made several trips related to his function to the USA, where he participated in the anniversary celebrations of the outbreak of the Warsaw Uprising. He received job offers as a consultant but did not accept them. He did not forget about his subordinates, Home Army soldiers, still in prisoner of war camps in Germany. He sought permission from the English to emigrate from Germany to England. In the face of strong opposition, he demanded permission to go to Germany to the POW camp where they were staying.

General Tadeusz Bór-Komorowski died suddenly of a heart attack while hunting near Bletchley.

The greatness of the General, his outstanding personality and the character traits of this steadfast Pole-Patriot are so intimidating that choosing the right words to express admiration and respect is extremely difficult. However, it is worth quoting a few statements of those people who characterized the General's character. (…)

Author: Barbara Seidel
Source: General Tadeusz Bór Komorowski (2024)

Entry updated: 04.07.2024/XNUMX/XNUMX


Tadeusz Komorowski died on August 24, 1966. He was buried in Gunnersbury Cemetery in London. In 1994, the general's ashes were brought to Poland by his son. They were deposited in the headquarters of the Home Army Headquarters at the Powązki Military Cemetery (section A 28-7-7).


9th Lesser Poland Uhlan Regiment (Trembowla MP, amaranth ring)

The regiment was formed in 1809 during the Duchy of Warsaw. He took part in the November Uprising. After years of captivity, the regiment was recreated in November 1918 based on the Polish cadre of the Austrian 3rd National Defense Uhlan Regiment.

He changed Chortkiv to Trembowla,
Now he cries like a baby.

Whether the ninth regiment wants it or not,
They carry a bunch under their saddles.

They fly like devils in the charge,
Borkowski's lancers.

Good in the field, poorly clothed.
Borkowski is uhlans.

And the ninth plague regiment,
He throws his lances and goes into the ditches.

In Podolia, among the grain fields,
A regiment of uhlans guards the borders.

White roses bloomed.
On our blood, under Podgórze.


Source: Żurawiejki (1995) – Stanisław Radomyski


Publications in the Polish Digital Equestrian Library:

Click on the links below to access related materials in the Polish Digital Equestrian Library (will open in a new tab):

"General Tadeusz Bór Komorowski" (2024) – Barbara Seidel

"Irena Komorowska" (2024) - Barbara Seidel

"Irena of Lamezan-Salins Komorowska" (2023) – Magdalena Białonowska, Anna Kalinowska

"Decisions 'Bora' [fragments] (2023) – Wojciech Rodak

"The Commandant" (1939-1943) (2023) | A fragment of the book "Decisions 'Bora'", published by Ośrodek Karta

"The Olympian" (1924-1939) (2023) | A fragment of the book "Decisions 'Bora'", published by Ośrodek Karta

"The Cavalryman" (1919-1923) (2023) | A fragment of the book "Decisions 'Bora'", published by Ośrodek Karta

"Trembowla part VI” (2023) – Barbara Seidel

"Trembowla part V” (2021) – Barbara Seidel

"Trembowla part IV” (2020) – Barbara Seidel

"Trembowla part III" (2019) – Barbara Seidel

"Trembowla part II" (2018) – Barbara Seidel

"Trembowla part I" (2017) – Barbara Seidel

"At the Side of the Home Army Commander" (2014) – Irena Komorowska

"Lancemen, Uhlans and Mounted Riflemen in the Photography of Narcissus Witczak-Witaczyński" (2013) – Stanisław Zieliński, Leszek Nagórny

"Tadeusz Komorowski-Bór" (2012) – Witold Duński

"9th Lesser Poland Uhlan Regiment 1809-1947" (2011) – Andrzej Przybyszewski

"Commanders of the Cavalry Training Center..." [link](2010)

"Cavalry Units of the Second Polish Republic Part 40" (1998) – L. Kukawski

"Cranes" (1995) - Stanisław Radomyski

“9. "Lesser Poland Uhlan Regiment" (1993) - Lesław Kukawski

"About the Polish cavalry of the 1991th century" (XNUMX) - Cezary Leżeński, Lesław Kukawski

"History of horse riding, part VII” (1990) – Witold Domański

"Paris Olympics 1924" (1990) – Leon Kon

"Berlin Olympics 1936" (1982) – Witold Pruski

"Book of Polish Riding" (1938) - Collective work

"To Mr. Captain Stanisław Olszowski, the Organizing Committee of the International Horse Riding Competitions" (1927)

"Horse racing program at the Janowski airport" (1927)

"Berlin 1936, or the famous (...) eventing competition" [link]


Related Legends:

Jan Tarnowski

Participant of the Greater Poland Uprising, the war with the Bolsheviks, the September Campaign and the Warsaw Uprising. He commanded a squadron of the 13th Vilnius Lancers Regiment of the Vilnius Cavalry Brigade.

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Cavalry Training Center

The cavalry training center of the Polish Army of the Second Republic of Poland in 1928-1939 in the Grudziądz garrison. It was the largest military training unit of this type in Europe. 

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Tadeusz Sokolowski

Soldier, sportsman, 3x MP medalist, 2nd vice-champion of the Army (1935), Olympian of the Olympic Games Berlin 1936 (Running II), 1937-39 head of the equestrian section of WKS Legia, Cichociemni tortured by the Gestapo in Minsk.

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Michal Gutowski

Olympian. Rtm, 17 Greater Poland Lancers Regiment. Chevalier, among others, of the Order of Virtuti Militari, Legion of Honor, Cross of Valor 5 times. General at rest.

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Seweryn Kulesza

Major of the Polish Army cavalry, Olympic silver medalist in equestrian (Berlin 1936). Polish Champion in eventing in 1936 and 1937, and in dressage in 1937.

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Janusz Komorowski

Major of the Polish Army, sports equestrian, Olympian from Berlin, medalist of the Polish Championships in eventing. After the war, a horse riding coach in England and Argentina.

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Zdzislaw Dziadulski

Two-time Olympian (IO Paris 1924 – horse 'Zefir', IO Amsterdam 1928 – 'The Lad' – reserve). 7th Regiment of Mounted Riflemen in Biedrusko (Poznań).

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Zdzislaw Kawecki

Silver medalist from the Olympic Games in Berlin (horse 'Bambino'). Knight of the Cross of Valour, Silver Cross of Merit. 7th Regiment of Mounted Riflemen Wlkp.

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Charles Rommel

Soldier, trainer, artist in painting, drawing and horse riding. Three-time Olympian (1912 - Stockholm, 1924 - Paris, 1928 - Amsterdam). He was active in KJK in Łódź (1937) and JLKS Sopot (after the war).

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Gallery:

The following archives are from Warsaw Uprising Museum




Soldier, rider, silver medalist of the Berlin Olympics 1936 – eventing, trainer. Participant of the Warsaw Uprising. Commander of the Kiliński battalion, winner of the PAST.

Prudential, Prudential, PASTa - what do these names have in common with Colonel Henryk Leliwa-Roycewicz? It combines character, legend and symbolism, just as he contributed to the legend of Polish equestrianism as an outstanding rider and Olympian, it was under his command that strategic buildings were captured in the first days of the Warsaw Uprising, such as the Prudentail skyscraper, the Main Post Office, or during the uprising symbol of Fighting Poland - PASTa building.

– “Nowadays it is also worth being heroic, you can achieve a lot, but you can also be cautious. That is why the educational and financial project People with Character draws on tradition, transferring values ​​such as foresight, property protection and succession to modernity. Traditions oblige, but it's always better to be insured than not to be ..." - says Jakub Czekaj, a volunteer cavalry captain, a partner of the People with Character program, whose grandparents (Matylda née Sapieha and Juliusz Osterwa) had an apartment in the Prudentiala skyscraper, lost forever in 1939. 

***

Henryk Leliwa-Roycewicz was born on July 30, 1898 in Janopol.

Twice Knight of the Order of Virtuti Militari, three times Knight of the Cross of Valor, Cross of the Home Army, Medal for the War 1918-1921, Medal of the Decade of Regaining Independence, Uprising Cross.

Silver medalist of the Olympic Games in Berlin in the Versatile Riding Horse Competition.

sports results:

OLYMPIC GAMES

Versatile Riding Horse Competition:
Berlin 1 – August 16, 1936 – team silver medal on Harlekin III, together with Captain Zdzisław Kawecki on Bambino, Captain Seweryn Kulesza on Tośka. Fifteenth individually.

POLISH CHAMPIONSHIPS

Dressage:
Warsaw, September 30 - October 2, 1932, bronze on Tulips.
Warsaw, September 29 - October 1, 1933 - silver on Tulip.
Warsaw, September 30, 1935, silver medal on Tulip.
Bydgoszcz, October 6-7, 1938 - silver medal at Typhoon.

Obstacle Jumping:
Warsaw, October 3-5, 1931 - silver medal on The Hoop.

eventing:
Warsaw, June 8-10, 1933, silver medal at Twostep.
Warsaw, June 7-9, 1934, gold medal at Wisła IV.
Warsaw, October 2-4, 1935, bronze medal on Tulip.
Warsaw, June 4-6, 1936, silver medal on Harlekin III.

1935 rtm. Roycewicz, after winning an individual Army Champion as one of the prizes, was able to choose a horse for himself and purchase it at the expense of the Ministry of Military Affairs. He saw Harlequin III during a par force hunt in Łańcut at Count. Potocki. The horse was tough, disobedient and a lot of trouble - the perfect fighter/eventer horse.

August 1-16.08.1936, 4069 - XI Olympic Games in Berlin. 49 participants from 112 countries. The Polish team consists of 8 people. The Olympic flame brought from Olympia burns for the first time. According to Hitler's order, the Olympics were to be a demonstration of the impeccable organization and power of the Third Reich. It was a show of power, but the organization left much to be desired. Schemes and frauds of the German organizers probably deprived the Polish team of the gold medal. The 35-kilometre course contains 200 obstacles, the competition was watched by about 000 spectators. There was a water obstacle on the route. A murky, muddy, duckweed-covered deep pond that could be safely traversed by one route known only to German racers. Of the 46 riders who reached this obstacle, 32 had a fall. Harlequin III was stopped by the judges in the cross-country test before obstacle 20. He was informed that he had made a mistake on the course. He returned 2,5 km and then found out that there had been a mistake. Thus, the 8 km route was extended by 5 km. Before jumping, Harlequin felt the effort of the previous day. In total, the pair of Henryk Leliwa-Roycewicz and Harlequin III took 15th place and the Polish team wins the silver medal.

In the bulletin of the Union of Cavalry and Horse Artillery in North America No. 54 of July 1989, Henryk Leliwa-Roycewicz describes his participation in the Olympic Games: “The Germans, however, want to win. However, their situation is difficult because their rider has to jump with his arm in a sling. He does it in front of me. The horse is sharp, he can't hold it. Finally, on one of the obstacles, he collapses to the ground. He lies helpless under the poles. People run up, pick him up and put him on the saddle. For this help, for crossing the line, he was disqualified. The gold medal, however, was more important than the law."

On September 01.09.1939, XNUMX, Germany attacked Poland. Squadrons of Heinkels and Junkers bombed Warsaw and the Cavalry Reserve Center in Garwolin. Within a dozen or so minutes, the fire consumed all sports achievements of our Olympians - equipment, trophies and cups. Dozens of the best Polish sports horses stationed there were injured. Adam Królikiewicz and Kazimierz Szosland were tasked with transporting the best Olympians from Grudziądz to Sarny. Another attack by German bombers took place near Mount Kalwaria. Captain Królikiewicz had to finish off the dying Harlequin III.

27.09.1939 Captain Henryk Roycewicz was seriously wounded in combat with German troops. He hid his officer rank, which allowed him to avoid death at the hands of the NKVD. He lived in Warsaw from 1941. He was active in the ZWZ - AK, where he was a weapons officer in the fourth AK region (Warsaw-Śródmieście). In October 1943, he was appointed commander of the Kiliński Battalion and promoted to the rank of major. In the Warsaw Uprising, he commanded the battalion that captured the PAST building. At the end of 1944, he was promoted to lieutenant colonel and then colonel.

Like many Home Army soldiers and Warsaw insurgents, he did not escape post-war persecution. He was sentenced for alleged subversive activity and willingness to change the system of the Polish State, to 6 years in prison, 4 years of deprivation of public rights and civic honorary rights, and forfeiture of all property. On February 22, 1957, Col. Henryk Leliwa-Roycewicz was acquitted of the alleged acts.

Years later, he returned to horse riding. First, he ran the Equestrian Club at the Horse Racing Track in Warsaw. Then he trained riders in the equestrian section of the "Legia" club in Stara Miłosna.

He established the Community Commission of Soldiers of the AK Battalion Kiliński. In 1975 he became a co-founder of the Ministry of Veterans of Cavalry and Horse Artillery.

Entry updated: 09.08.2024/XNUMX/XNUMX


Henryk Leliwa-Roycewicz died in Warsaw on June 18, 1990, aged 92. He was buried in Warsaw's Powązki Cemetery in the quarters of the Kiliński Battalion next to his wife, Luta, a liaison officer (quarters B24-3-10a).


25th Greater Poland Uhlan Regiment (Prużana MP, scarlet ring)

The regiment was formed in July 1920 as the 115th Uhlan Regiment (volunteer) from the regimental surpluses remaining after the organization in Greater Poland of the 1st Greater Poland Uhlan Regiment (later the 15th Poznań Uhlan Regiment) and the 2nd Greater Poland Uhlan Regiment (later the 16th Greater Poland Uhlan Regiment) and from the marching squadron of the 2nd Mounted Rifle Regiment - hence the name "Wielkopolska Ulans". At the beginning of hostilities in 1920, the 115th Uhlan Regiment had 450 sabers, and after the fighting during the Korosten concentration camp (in early October of that year) - only 250 sabres. It suffered heavy losses in these battles and was then considered a "small" regiment, as mentioned in one of the cranes. Until 1921, the regiment was stationed in Gniezno, and then was transferred to fight Bolshevik bands in Worończa and nearby villages (Czombrów, Nieżmanów, Morozowicze, Daszkowicze, Mikiewicze) in Nowo-Gródczyżno (near Lake Świteź). The regiment's command was located in Nowogródek.

Formerly it was a combat regiment,
Today it is ruled by white-headed people.

He is named Greater Poland,
And in Pruzhany he repents.

They were called Greater Poland,
They were sent to Polesie.

Half red and half white,
The number is large and the regiment is small.

He wiped all the corners,
The famous twenty-fifth regiment.

In Vilnius, lords are appointed.
And in Pruzhany he repents.

Poleszuki. guys, gentlemen.
Pruzhany's are ulan.


Source: Żurawiejki (1995) – Stanisław Radomyski


Publications in the Polish Digital Equestrian Library:

Click on the links below to go to related materials in the Polish Digital Equestrian Library:

"Henryk Leliwa-Roycewicz. A champion in sport and in combat” [link] (2021) – Athletes for independence

"Captain Leliwa-Roycewicz - the commander who gave the signal for the Warsaw Uprising" (2019) - Zbigniew Chmielewski

“Unusual stories of White and Red. Riders - silver medalists in eventing at the Olympic Games '36 in Berlin" [link] (2019)

"Olympians - August 1, 1944" (2019) - Zbigniew Chmielewski

"Polish Olympic riders of the interwar period, part II" (2019) - Hanna Łysakowska

"Polish Olympic riders of the interwar period, part I" (2018) - Hanna Łysakowska

"Harlequin III, probably the last picture" (2016) - Robert Woronowicz

"Lancemen, Uhlans and Mounted Riflemen in the Photography of Narcissus Witczak-Witaczyński" (2013) – Stanisław Zieliński, Leszek Nagórny

"Berlin 1936, or about the famous Polish Olympic eventing competition" [link] (2012)

"Riders-Olympians of the Second Republic" (2012) - Renata Urban

"Olympic Riders" (2000) - Hanna Łysakowska

"25th Greater Poland Uhlan Regiment" (1996) – Lesław Kukawski [0872]

"Cranes" (1995) - Stanisław Radomyski

"History of horse riding, part XIV” (1993) – Witold Domański

"History of horse riding, part XI” (1992) – Witold Domański

"History of horse riding, part X” (1992) – Witold Domański

"Excerpts from Krystyna Rudowska's interview with Col. Roycewicz” (1990) – Krystyna Rudowska

"For the funeral of Henryk Leliwa-Roycewicz" (1990) - Antoni Bieniaszewski

"Biography of Henryk Leliwa-Roycewicz" (1989) - Krystyna Rudowska

"Poles in the Nations Cup, 1923-1982" (1982) - Witold Domański

"Berlin Olympics 1936" (1982) – Witold Pruski

"Harlequin and the Olympics in Berlin" (1980) - Henryk Leliwa Roycewicz

"Equestrian sport in the horse weapons of the Second Polish Republic" (1974) - Zygmunt Bielecki

"Book of Polish Riding" (1938) - Collective work

"Polish horse riding in 1936" (1937) - Leon Kon

"Die Reitkunst Der Welt an des olympischen spielen 1936" [DE][EN][FR] (1937) - G. Rau

"Horse Games of the 1936th Olympiad" (XNUMX) - Leon Kon

"The Olympic jury took away the silver medal from Poland in the Militari competition" (1936)

"Hardly won - Olympic silver medal" (1936) - Tadeusz Grabowski

"Horses at the 1936 Olympics - Harlequin III" (1936)


Related Legends:

Jan Tarnowski

Participant of the Greater Poland Uprising, the war with the Bolsheviks, the September Campaign and the Warsaw Uprising. He commanded a squadron of the 13th Vilnius Lancers Regiment of the Vilnius Cavalry Brigade.

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Tadeusz Komorowski

Colonel of the Polish Army cavalry. Commander in Chief of the Home Army. Commander of the Warsaw Uprising. Prime Minister of the Polish government in exile.

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Sergiusz Zahorski

Brigadier General of the Polish Army, head of the Military Cabinet of the President of the Republic of Poland, co-founder of Polish equestrian sports, participant of the 1912 Olympic Games in the Russian national team.

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Rider and Breeder, 1922-1939

A pre-war weekly magazine addressed to breeders, athletes, racing and horse enthusiasts. Poles for whom the history of our country is inextricably linked with horse breeding and equestrian sports.

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ARLECIN III (BAFUR - BLACKFISH)

“He overcomes roads and paths with a beautiful, balanced trot (…) There is no sign of fatigue on the horse. An energetically galloped steeple (...) The horse hides space and overcomes obstacles in a wonderful way. "

Dr. Gustaw Rau about Harlequin III

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Gallery:




Soldier, horseman, owner of a racing stable, commander of the 15th Poznań Lancers Regiment. Winner of Monte-Cassino.

______________________________________________________________

He was born on August 11, 1892 in Błonia.

In his equestrian career, he competed, among others, in the National Dressage Competitions or in the famous International Equestrian Competition in Warsaw's Łazienki Park.

Knight of many decorations, including: four Virtuti Militari War Orders, eight Crosses of Valour, two Orders of Polonia Restituta, four Gold Crosses with Swords, and the Cross of Independence.

After the outbreak of the Greater Poland Uprising in December 1918, he became the chief of staff of the Greater Poland Army. From April 1919 to September 1921, he commanded the 15th Poznań Uhlan Regiment, of which he was a co-organizer. For bravery shown during the war with the Bolsheviks, he received the Virtuti Militari cross from Marshal Józef Piłsudski.

In 1934 he was appointed general.

In 1937, he became the commander of the Nowogródzka Cavalry Brigade, with which he went to war in 1939. He fought in the area of ​​Płock and Warsaw.

After the Soviet aggression on September 17, 1939, Anders' units took up the fight against the Red Army, breaking through to the south. General Anders, wounded twice, was taken prisoner on September 29, near Sambor near Lviv.

In February 1940 he was transported to Moscow to the NKVD central prison in Lubyanka.

Released after the outbreak of the German-Soviet war and the signing of the Sikorski-Mayski Agreement. From August 4, 1941, the founder and commander of the Polish Armed Forces in the USSR. On March 24, 1942, the first stage of the evacuation of the Polish Army from the Soviet Union began. By November 1942, over 115 people had been sent to Iran, including about 78 soldiers and 000 civilians. More than 37 children were among those evacuated.

In the summer of 1942, General W. Anders became the commander of the Polish Army in the East (Iraq, Palestine) and the 2nd Polish Corps, which he commanded in the Italian campaign (Battle of Monte Cassino; Battle of Ancona).

In early 1944, the 2nd Corps was transferred to Italy to fight the Germans as part of the 8th British Army.

On May 11, 1944 at 23.00:18 p.m., the Corps' artillery began the breakthrough battle of Monte Cassino. At one in the morning, Kresowa and the Carpathian Infantry Division launched an attack, and on May 10.30 at 12 a patrol of the XNUMXth Podolian Cavalry Regiment planted a white and red banner on the ruins of the Benedictine monastery at Monte Cassino.

General Władysław Anders was one of those Polish generals who was deprived of Polish citizenship by the communist authorities.

A year after his death, the Council of Ministers of the People's Republic of Poland formally repealed the resolution of 1946 on depriving him of Polish citizenship, which was done secretly (it was not published in the Journal of Laws).

Entry updated: 08.11.2023/XNUMX/XNUMX


Wladyslaw Anders died on May 12, 1970 in London, aged 78. He was buried in Italy, at the Polish War Cemetery at Monte Cassino.


Publications in the Polish Digital Equestrian Library:

Click on the links below to access related materials in the Polish Digital Equestrian Library (will open in a new tab):

Publications

"Nice pogrom, or how Poles won the first Cup of Nations" (2019) - Ewa Pawlus

"The fight for independence with Bobowa in the background, or the story about Bob's Heroes" (2018) - Barbara Kowalska

"Bobowa and its history" (2018) - Andrzej Ćmiech

"Lancemen, Uhlans and Mounted Riflemen in the Photography of Narcissus Witczak-Witaczyński" (2013) – Stanisław Zieliński, Leszek Nagórny

"Czech Emil" (2009) - Wojciech Molendowicz

"Anders Wladyslaw" (2012) - Witold Danish

"Albigowa Stud Farm" (1998) – R. Pankiewicz, K. Pudyszak

"About the Polish cavalry of the 1991th century" (XNUMX) - Cezary Leżeński, Lesław Kukawski

"General Anders" (1989) - Zygmunt Bohusz-Szyszko

"General Anders" (1989) - Juliuswith L. Englert, Krzysztof Barbarski

"The Katyn Massacre in the Light of Documents" (1982)

"Equestrian sport in the horse weapons of the Second Polish Republic" (1974) - Zygmunt Bielecki

links

"He fought in the Olympics. As a general he was more successful” [link] (2019)

"The bugle call on Monte Cassino played" [link] (2014) - Lucyna Jadowska

"Archive Full of Memory - Polish wandering children" [link] - Paweł Głuszek

Movies

Children of Soviet deportations (2020) | MOVIE

General Władysław Anders Funeral – Monte Cassino, 23rd May 1970 | MOVIE


Related Legends:

Jan Tarnowski

Participant of the Greater Poland Uprising, the war with the Bolsheviks, the September Campaign and the Warsaw Uprising. He commanded a squadron of the 13th Vilnius Lancers Regiment of the Vilnius Cavalry Brigade.

Read more…

Sergiusz Zahorski

Brigadier General of the Polish Army, head of the Military Cabinet of the President of the Republic of Poland, co-founder of Polish equestrian sports, participant of the 1912 Olympic Games in the Russian national team.

Read more…

Rider and Breeder, 1922-1939

A pre-war weekly magazine addressed to breeders, athletes, racing and horse enthusiasts. Poles for whom the history of our country is inextricably linked with horse breeding and equestrian sports.

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Joseph Trenkwald

Soldier, rider, bronze medalist of the Olympic Games Amsterdam 1928, team eventing, Knight of the Virtuti Militari, Emperor Charles Cross, Cross of Valor.

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Polish Equestrian Association

On February 18, 1928, in the Garrison Casino at Aleja Szucha 23, the founding convention of the Polish Equestrian Association took place. The announcement of convening the congress was published in the 5th issue of the Rider and Breeder weekly, on February 1, 1928.

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Gallery: